{"id":32843,"date":"2023-01-27T12:57:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T11:57:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guiding-architects.net\/?p=32843"},"modified":"2023-01-27T13:38:41","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T12:38:41","slug":"livre-brun-directrices-concours-opera-sydney","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/old.guiding-architects.net\/fr\/livre-brun-directrices-concours-opera-sydney\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Livre Brun – les lignes directrices du concours pour l’Op\u00e9ra de Sydney"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’Op\u00e9ra de Sydney est l’un des b\u00e2timents les plus reconnaissables et certainement l’un des plus grands du XXe si\u00e8cle. Utzon a donn\u00e9 \u00e0 Sydney une \u00ab\u00a0solution\u00a0\u00bb si \u00e9l\u00e9gante qu’elle semble aujourd’hui presque \u00e9vidente. Si c’\u00e9tait la r\u00e9ponse, alors quelle \u00e9tait la question ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

En 1947, le chef d’orchestre anglais Eugene Goosens arrive \u00e0 Sydney pour diriger le conservatoire de musique et l’orchestre symphonique de Sydney. Peu impressionn\u00e9 par les concerts donn\u00e9s dans les \u00e9glises et les mairies, il commence \u00e0 faire pression sur le gouvernement pour qu’il construise une salle d’op\u00e9ra et de concert sur le site de l’ancien d\u00e9p\u00f4t de tramways \u00e0 Bennelong Point, dans le port de Sydney.<\/p>\n

En 1953, Goosens pousse l’id\u00e9e plus loin, en concoctant un projet d’\u00e9tudiants de l’Universit\u00e9 de Sydney avec le professeur d’architecture Harry Ashworth, dans le cadre duquel les \u00e9tudiants devaient concevoir un op\u00e9ra, une salle de concert et un restaurant pour Goosens – qui faisait office de client – sur le site de Bennelong Point. Ce projet est devenu un concours international en 1956, Ashworth faisant office d’organisateur, de pr\u00e9sident du concours et de jur\u00e9. Ashworth a s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9 trois autres jur\u00e9s : Cobden Parkes, architecte du gouvernement de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, l’architecte anglais Sir Leslie Martin (le seul jur\u00e9 ayant une exp\u00e9rience des espaces de performance) et le juge finno-am\u00e9ricain Eero Saarinen. Aucun ing\u00e9nieur ou politicien ne faisait partie du jury. Il n’y avait pas de budget de construction, pas de calendrier, pas d’obligation d’\u00eatre enregistr\u00e9 localement ou d’avoir travaill\u00e9 sur un b\u00e2timent similaire auparavant et il s’agissait d’un concours anonyme en une seule \u00e9tape, ce qui signifiait que le gagnant obtenait le travail.<\/p>\n

Le 15 f\u00e9vrier 1956, le Premier ministre de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, John Cahill, lance le concours pour \u00ab\u00a0un op\u00e9ra national \u00e0 Bennelong Point\u00a0\u00bb. Le dossier du concours \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sous la forme d’un livre de 27 pages avec une couverture brune et fut connu sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0Brown Book\u00a0\u00bb. Le prix \u00e9tait de 5 000 livres australiennes et les frais d’inscription de 10 livres australiennes.<\/p>\n

\"The

The Brown Book – cover. Source \u201cState Records Authority of New South Wales\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

Le g\u00e9nie de ce document est sa bri\u00e8vet\u00e9, la majorit\u00e9 des pages \u00e9tant consacr\u00e9e aux photographies du site. Un paragraphe \u00e9voque \u00e0 contrec\u0153ur le \u00ab\u00a0co\u00fbt\u00a0\u00bb et souligne que \u00ab\u00a0les concurrents doivent garder \u00e0 l’esprit la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un jugement s\u00fbr quant aux implications financi\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb de leur projet.<\/p>\n

\"The

The Brown Book – page 1. Aerial view of Bennelong Point. Source \u201cState Records Authority of New South Wales\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

Les \u00ab\u00a0exigences en mati\u00e8re de construction\u00a0\u00bb sont gliss\u00e9es – presque en s’excusant – dans l’ \u00ab\u00a0Annexe 5\u00a0\u00bb et sugg\u00e8rent une capacit\u00e9 en si\u00e8ges et une gamme d’utilisations, mais gu\u00e8re plus. L’accent est mis, \u00e0 juste titre, sur les toilettes pour hommes et pour femmes.<\/p>\n

\"The

The Brown Book – page 3. Appendix 2 – Amenities. Source \u201cState Records Authority of New South Wales\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

\"The

The Brown Book – page 24. Appendix 5 – Building Requirements. Source \u201cState Records Authority of New South Wales\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n

Des personnes importantes dans des costumes mal taill\u00e9s peuvent se moquer de la na\u00efvet\u00e9 et de la stupidit\u00e9 dont nous avons fait preuve pour permettre une telle parodie, mais il n’en reste pas moins que nous disposons du plan du plus grand de tous les concours d’architecture. L’\u00e9tincelante Maison d’Utzon \u00e0 Sydney est un t\u00e9moignage du pouvoir de cr\u00e9er les conditions qui permettent aux bonnes id\u00e9es de se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n

Texte : Eoghan Lewis<\/a> est un architecte praticien et le fondateur d’Eoghan Lewis Architects et des Sydney Architecture Walks<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Op\u00e9ra de Sydney est l’un des b\u00e2timents les plus reconnaissables et certainement l’un des plus grands du XXe si\u00e8cle. Utzon a donn\u00e9 \u00e0 Sydney une \u00ab\u00a0solution\u00a0\u00bb si \u00e9l\u00e9gante qu’elle semble …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[127,855],"tags":[1997,3781,2769,3779,3778,2772,2773,3780],"class_list":["post-32843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-prix-et-competitions","tag-architecture-fr","tag-brown-book-fr","tag-concours-darchitecture","tag-livre-brun","tag-opera-sydney","tag-sydney-fr","tag-sydney-architecture-walks-fr","tag-utzon-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe Livre Brun - Directrices du Concours pour l'Op\u00e9ra de Sydney<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'Op\u00e9ra de Sydney est l'un des b\u00e2timents les plus reconnaissables et les plus grands du 20e si\u00e8cle. 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